Cannot use Delta Table columns containing struct with date fields in Power BI

Julien_Kronegg — Mon, 19 Aug 2024 12:23:43 GMT

Hi everyone,

I have a Delta Table in Databricks with a column of struct type (containing a field of type date) and a column of type date:

create table date_struct (s struct<d:date>, d date, s_json string);
insert into date_struct (s, d, s_json) values (
    named_struct('d', '2020-01-01'), 
    '2020-02-01', 
    to_json(named_struct('d', '2020-01-01')))

When importing this date_struct table from Power BI, I get the following result (the s column is mapped to a string and the d column is mapped to a date):

s d s_json

{"d":2020-01-01}

01/02/2020

{"d":"2020-01-01"}

The value of the s column is a malformed JSON format (missing quotes on date 2020-01-01). As the JSON is malformed, the Power BI function Json.Document() cannot be used to convert the s string column into a JSON document e.g. when adding a new column. However, the same conversion works without error on the pre-serialized s_json column.

let
    Source = Databricks.Catalogs("xxx.azuredatabricks.net", "/sql/1.0/warehouses/yyy", [Catalog = "", Database = ""]),
    my_Database = Source{[Name="my",Kind="Database"]}[Data],
    delta_tutorial_Schema = my_Database{[Name="myschema",Kind="Schema"]}[Data],
    ds1 = delta_tutorial_Schema{[Name="date_struct",Kind="Table"]}[Data],
    ds2 = Table.AddColumn(ds1, "record_from_s", each Json.Document([s])),
    ds3 = Table.AddColumn(ds2, "record_from_s_json", each Json.Document([s_json]))
in
    ds3

gives the following error:

s d record_from_s record_from_s_json

{"d":2020-01-01}

01/02/2020

Error

Record

DataFormat.Error: We found extra characters at the end of the JSON input.
Details:
    Value=-
    Position=9

What can I do to access the s.d field ?

Note that the above is a minimal example in order to reproduce the problem. The real use-case is another table with a much more complex struct and no pre-serialized s_json column. Thus, I want a reliable solution, not something like "use Json.Document() on the s_json column" or "add quotes on the s column with the Replace function".

Stackoverflow post: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78879730/date-fields-are-serialized-without-quotes-when-imported-databricks-delta-table-w

Re: Cannot use Delta Table columns containing struct with date fields in Power BI

mark_ott — Wed, 19 Nov 2025 11:51:30 GMT

To access the s.d field from your Delta table in Power BI, you need the content of the s column to be correctly formatted as JSON so that Power BI's Json.Document() function can parse it. Your issue arises because the default string representation of struct<d:date> in Databricks returns {"d":2020-01-01}, which is not valid JSON since string values—like dates—need to be quoted: {"d":"2020-01-01"}.

The s_json column works fine because it uses to_json(), which produces a properly quoted JSON string, unlike the default cast of struct to string.

Why This Happens

Databricks generates a simplified, spark-internal JSON-like representation for struct values when you SELECT or export them directly, not standard JSON (dates are not in quotes).
Power BI's Json.Document() requires strict JSON compliance: string values must be quoted.

Solutions

1. Use `to_json()` in Your Databricks Views/Queries

Ensure that the data you supply to Power BI for complex columns like structs is always pre-serialized to a valid JSON string.

For example, in your Databricks SQL, use:

sql

SELECT to_json(s) as s_json, d FROM date_struct

And then let Power BI use the s_json column, as it already does in your example. This is the cleanest and most reliable approach.

2. Modify Power BI M Query to Parse the Malformed JSON

If you cannot change your Databricks view/table, you can fix the malformed JSON in Power BI before calling Json.Document(). You can substitute the date pattern without quotes, e.g.:

text

let
    // previous steps,
    FixedS = Table.TransformColumns(ds1, {
        "s", each Text.Replace(Text.From(_), "2020-01-01", """2020-01-01"""), type text}
    ),
    AddedRecord = Table.AddColumn(FixedS, "record_from_s", each Json.Document([s]))
in
    AddedRecord

However, this approach is fragile because it only covers known date values and structures. It's much better to fix this at the source using to_json().

3. Project Struct Fields Directly

If you just need a field like s.d, select it directly in your SQL:

sql

SELECT s.d, d FROM date_struct

This gives a flat table without needing JSON conversion.

Recommendation

Always use to_json() in your Databricks SQL when exporting struct columns to Power BI. This guarantees your data is valid JSON and savable as a string, which can then be parsed by Power BI's Json.Document() with no issues.

topic Cannot use Delta Table columns containing struct with date fields in Power BI in Data Engineering