I think I found a (the?) solution. The cluster tried to connect to the legacy Hive Catalog, so I
* set the default catalog for the workspace to the proper catalog
* disabled "Legacy access"
These steps solve my `DriverError`. This log4j error message gave the hint: `Caused by: com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolInitializationException: Failed to initialize pool: Could not connect to address=(host=consolidated-westeuropec2-prod-metastore-3.mysql.database.azure.com)(port=3306)(type=master) : Socket fail to connect to host:consolidated-westeuropec2-prod-metastore-3.mysql.database.azure.com, port:3306. Connect timed out`
I still don't know why installing the wheel made such problems, but I consider my problem now as solved.