Hi there,
I'm not familiar with DBeaver specifically, but I have experienced DBSQL Warehouses being much stricter when enforcing permissions than All-Purpose Clusters. Warehouses check explicitly if that identity has access to those assets, where All-Purpose Clusters may have several different configurations that makes them appear more permissive. You cannot rely on admin permissions when using a warehouse either.
I know it sounds silly as you can literally see the tables using the warehouse in the Databricks GUI, but I'd still double check that your user, or the service principal you are using for the JDBC connection, has the following permissions on the Catalog/Schemas that you wish to see:
GRANT USE CATALOG ON CATALOG <catalog> TO <principal>;
GRANT USE SCHEMA ON SCHEMA <catalog>.<schema> TO <principal>;
Let us know if you figure it out!