The below approach is working for me... I had to download the packages upfront and place it on a volume though.

#!/bin/bash
set -euxo pipefail
echo 'debconf debconf/frontend select Noninteractive' | debconf-set-selections
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y dpkg -i odbcinst_2.3.9-5_amd64.deb
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y dpkg -i msodbcsql17_17.10.1.1-1_amd64.deb
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y dpkg -i libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit_2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb