Hi David,
I can't speak exactly to how Poetry handles the dependency resolution of libraries that are already installed, or how that interacts with the Databricks runtime. However, I can offer you some advice on how my team handles this situtation.
It's been very common for to require libraries available on the Databricks runtime in our local tests, or in a wheel that we publish elsewhere besides Databricks.
We've handled this by specifying any libraries provided by the Databricks runtime as optional/dev dependency groups in our pyproject.toml. This lets us test them locally or in CI, and then not attempt to install them when we deploy our wheels to Databricks workflows.